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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Control of Mould Spoilage on Apples Using Yeasts as Biological Control Agents
 
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1
Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, South Africa
 
2
Department of Agriculture, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, South Africa
 
3
Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
 
4
Biometry, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, South Africa
 
5
Crop Development Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, South Africa
 
 
Submission date: 2021-12-15
 
 
Final revision date: 2022-03-31
 
 
Acceptance date: 2022-04-01
 
 
Online publication date: 2022-05-31
 
 
Publication date: 2022-05-31
 
 
Corresponding author
Heinrich W. du Plessis   

Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
 
 
Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2022;72(2):119-128
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Considerable quantities of fruit are lost during pre- and post-harvest stages due to mould spoilage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of selected yeasts against spoilage mould Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alstroemeriae. One hundred and four yeast isolates were screened for antagonistic activity against B. cinerea, P. expansum and A. alstroemeriae using radial inhibition, dual and mouth-to-mouth plate assays. Sixty-seven out of 104 yeasts showed growth inhibition activity against P. expansum, while 36 yeasts inhibited B. cinerea, 47 yeasts inhibited A. alstroemeriae, but only 22 yeasts showed inhibition activity against all three moulds. Candida pyralidae Y63, Meyerozyma guilliermondii Y88 and Zygoascus hellenicus Y89 showed highest inhibition activity against all three moulds, when mode of inhibition was due to direct contact. Volatile organic compounds produced by Pichia kluyveri Y64, C. pyralidae Y63 and M. guilliermondii Y88 showed the highest growth inhibition against all three moulds. These yeasts were also evaluated against all three moulds on apples. P. kluyveri Y64 showed 100%, 57% and 26% growth inhibition against A. alstroemeriae, B. cinerea and P. expansum, respectively, on apples and performed slightly better than a commercial fungicide against B. cinerea and P. expansum. While M. guillermondii Y88 showed 100%, 60% and 18% inhibition on apples against A. alstroemeriae, B. cinerea and P. expansum, respectively. P. kluyveri Y64 and M. guilliermondii Y88 showed potential as biofungicides and warrant further investigation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa for funding and infrastructure. The opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication is that of the authors alone, and the NRF accepts no liability whatsoever in this regard. Thank you to Ms Louise Smit for culturing and supplying Botrytis cinerea. The authors extend their gratitude to all students, interns, technicians and research assistants for their individual contributions.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (Grant Numbers: 117833 and 122220).
 
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