Corrections, Retractions and Expressions of Concern

Corrections
Honest errors are a part of science and publishing and require publication of a correction when they are detected. Corrections are needed for errors of fact. Updates of previous publications (e.g., an updated systematic review or clinical guideline) are considered a new publication rather than a version of a previously published article.

If a correction is needed, Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences follows these minimum standards:
• A correction notice (erratum) will be published as soon as possible detailing changes from and citing the original publication; the correction will be on an electronic or numbered print page that is included in an electronic or a print Table of Contents to ensure proper indexing.
• A new article version will be posted with details of the changes from the original version and the date(s) on which the changes were made.
• All prior versions of the article will be archived.

Article withdrawal
Withdrawal could be used for papers in the Press, an early version of the articles, containing some errors or submitted twice. An article could be withdrawn if they represent infringements of professional, ethical codes, such as multiple submission, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data. Withdrawn means that the article content is removed and replaced with the statement that the article has been withdrawn.

Article retraction
Retraction could happen if a manuscript contains infringements of professional, ethical codes, such as multiple submission, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data. It may also happen when error correction is needed in a publication. In this case, PJFNS will follow the following steps:
• A retraction note titled "Retraction: [article title]" signed by the authors and/or the editor will be published in the journal's subsequent issue and listed in the contents list.
• A link will be made to the original article.
• The online article will be preceded by a screen containing the retraction note.
• The original article will be retained unchanged save on the .pdf indicating on each page that it is "retracted."

Article replacement
If an author thinks a paper might pose a serious health risk, an author may wish to retract the flawed original and replace it with a corrected version. In these cases, the retraction procedures will be followed with the difference that the database retraction notice will publish a link to the corrected re-published article and a history of the document.

Authorship changes
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.

Expressions of Concern
Journal editors may consider issuing an Expression of Concern if they have well-founded concerns and feel that readers should be made aware of potentially misleading information contained in an article. However, Expressions of Concern should only be issued if an investigation into the problems relating to the article has proved inconclusive, and if there remain strong indicators that the concerns are valid. In all cases, editors should be aware that an Expression of Concern carries the same risks to a researcher's reputation as a retraction, and it is often preferable to wait to publish a retraction until a definitive judgement has been achieved by an independent investigation.