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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) Flowers as an Emerging Source of Bioactive Compounds
1
Department of Food Technology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
3
Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
Submission date: 2024-04-05
Acceptance date: 2024-07-19
Online publication date: 2024-08-13
Publication date: 2024-08-13
Corresponding author
Sanja Radman
Department of Food Technology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
Department of Food Technology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2024;74(3):221-231
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
SpectrometryExtractionGas chromatographyLiquid chromatographyLiquid chromatographyHerbs and spicesEssentials oilsLipids / Lipid oxidation productsPhenolic compoundsVitamins
ABSTRACT
Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is an edible halophytic species rich in various valuable phytochemicals, and has accordingly, been used in traditional medicine and nutrition since ancient times. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of sea fennel flowers from three regionally (ecologically) different locations on the Croatian Adriatic coast (Pag, Korčula, Cavtat). The profiles of essential oils (EOs), fatty acids (FAs), tocopherols, and phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins) as well as associated antioxidant capacity were analysed. The flowers collected at the northernmost site had the lowest contents of total phenolic compounds, limonene in the EO and unsaturated FAs, but the highest content of α-tocopherol, one of the best-known plant lipophilic antioxidants. On the other hand, the flowers from Korčula and Cavtat contained high amounts of phenolics, especially chlorogenic acid (7.99 and 13.27 mg/g dry plant matter, respectively), resulting in high antioxidant activity of the samples. Despite these differences in composition, which may be related to the geographical location of the sampling site, sea fennel flowers from all locations can be considered a valuable source of important health-promoting phytochemicals.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are thankful for the scientific research equipment financed by the EU grant “Functional integration of the University of Split, PMF-ST, PFST and KTFST through the development of the scientific and research infrastructure” (KK.01.1.1.02.0018).
FUNDING
This work is part of the PRIMA program supported by the European Union. Project title: “Innovative sustainable organic sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.)-based cropping systems to boost agrobiodiversity, profitability, circularity, and resilience to climate changes in Mediterranean small farms” (acronym: SEAFENNEL4MED) (https://seafennel4med.com/ (accessed on 3 May 2023)).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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