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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Aronia melanocarpa Leaves as a Source of Chlorogenic Acids, Anthocyanins, and Sorbitol, and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
1
Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
2
Chair of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
3
Herbology Department, Carpathian State University, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
Submission date: 2020-07-24
Final revision date: 2020-11-03
Acceptance date: 2020-11-06
Online publication date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2020-12-09
Corresponding author
Agnieszka Zielińska
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2020;70(4):409–418
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
SpectrometryGas chromatographyLiquid chromatographyNatural foodFood bioactivesFruitsCarbohydratesOrganic acidsPhenolic compounds
ABSTRACT
Aronia melanocarpa E. berries are a valuable component of the healthy diet. They are extremely high in phenolics exhibiting strong antioxidant properties. However, not much information is available on the chemical composition and bioactive potential of chokeberry leaves. Therefore, the analyses of sugars and phenolics of extracts from chokeberry leaves collected from June to October were performed using spectroscopic (NMR) and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD/RI, GC-MS) methods. The leaf extracts contained a significant amount of sorbitol, especially those made of leaves collected since June to July (avg. 145.2 mg/g d.w.). The average contents of Cya-3-Gal and chlorogenic acids in the extracts were at 0.52 mg g d.w. and up to 13.1 mg/g d.w., respectively. Chokeberry leaf extracts from green and red leaves were subjected to the in vitro study on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVCs). Both extracts suppressed TNF-α-induced surface expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 molecules, and exhibited anti-adhesive and anti-inflammatory properties. Green and red leaves may foster a therapeutic potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and other pathological events involving leucocyte adhesion. That is why chokeberry leaves can be considered as a promising component of functional foods owing to the high content of chlorogenic acids and sorbitol.
ABBREVIATIONS
CGA – chlorogenic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CAS 327-97-9); nCGA – neochlorogenic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CAS 906-33-2); iCGA – isochlorogenic acid A, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (CAS 2450-53-5); Cya-3-Gal –cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (CAS 27661-36-5); TNFα – tumor necrosis factor alpha; ICAM-1 – intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1 – vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; CAMs – cell adhesion molecules; HUVCs – human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank Professor Włodzimierz Daniewski for his support in the experiments.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grant number 2015/17/B/NZ7/03089).
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