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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Red Beetroot Juice Phytochemicals Bioaccessibility: an In Vitro Approach
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2
Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
3
Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Submission date: 2019-08-21
Final revision date: 2020-01-10
Acceptance date: 2020-01-14
Online publication date: 2020-02-12
Publication date: 2020-02-12
Corresponding author
Ivelina Deseva
Department of Analytical chemistry and physical chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26, Maritza, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Department of Analytical chemistry and physical chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26, Maritza, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2020;70(1):45–53
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Liquid chromatographyFunctional propertiesBioavailabilityDigestionFood bioactivesVegetablesBeveragesPhenolic compoundsPigments
ABSTRACT
Beetroot, the cultivated form of Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, is known for its various beneficial properties but more critical data about its bioactive compounds digestion is needed. In the present research, the bioaccessibility of phytochemicals in freshly prepared red beetroot juice was studied. Changes in total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, contents of betacyanins and betaxanthins, phenolic acids profile as well as the antioxidant activity were monitored before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Several parameters that provide interrelated information about food quality were additionally evaluated, including oxalic acid and individual sugars content, total titratable acidity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Significant loss of contents of total phenolics and flavonoids measured after digestion resulted in the recovery of 27.07 and 36.4%, respectively. The same negative tendency was observed for betalains bioaccessibility. While nearly 27% of betaxanthins were present after the simulated digestion, almost all betacyanins (96.07%) have been lost. The HPLC analysis of phenolic acids of beetroot juice revealed the presence of chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, and sinapic acids. After digestion, a 2.5-fold higher concentration of chlorogenic acid was found, however caffeic and p-coumaric acids were no longer detected. The results concerning the antioxidant activity of digested juice were inexplicit. According to the DPPH assay, there was a complete recovery of antioxidant activity, while no activity was detected employing the ABTS assay. Following the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), approximately half of the initial activity was retained. Despite the losses, red beetroot remains a valuable source of biologically active substances. Better understanding of their transformation during digestion is further needed.
FUNDING
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the University of Food Technologies’ Scientific Research Fund, project 03/19-H.
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